Morphology of Flowering Plants (Part 3)

Morphology of Flowering Plants (Part 2)

Morphology of Flowering Plants (Part-1)

Criteria for ROOT Classification:-

1) Descending part of Plants axis.

2) Positive geotropic and  Positive         Hydrotropic

3) Negative Phototropic

4) Develop from Radicle

5) Produce similar organs    Endogenously.

6) Nodes and Internodes areAbsent.

#SEED= SEED COAT + EMBRYO

 1) Cotyledon is the Leaf of Embryo.

  2) Structure of ROOT is    Anotomically and Morphologically    same.

     

   # TRANSVERSE SECTION OF ROOT

Tips to help you prepare for Morphology/ Anatomy of Flowering Plants for NEET Biology exam. You should pay special attention to following

• Try to use the biological scientific names instead of common known names. For example, if you have eaten lady-finger and potatoes, say that I have eaten Solanum tuberosum and Abelmoschus esculentus. If you can call cat as Felis catus. Similarly, you can dissect vegetables like tomato and see its various parts. This practical approach suits many students far better.
• You need to go through all the examples given in NCERT Biology textbook.
• Try to write features along with their examples on a daily basis. This will help you in having all examples on your finger tips.
• Draw plant or animal morphology/ anatomy/ histology structure without looking in the book. It should be technically 100% correct. Keep on doing this every every week.

You can prepare from Morphology MCQs from here

IMPORTANT CHART OF VITAMINS AND ITS DISORDERS

Vitamins

Vitamins is an essential chemicals in the body that control the normal metabolism (Metabolism) and maintains the continuity of the actions. It is essential for the body's normal growth and development. In 1912 the first vitamin word was proposed by the scientist Funk. Since it is an important element required for life so its name is  Vitamine (Vital + Amines).

Scientist named Vitamino Makalm in 1915 found some of these are water-soluble and some fat-soluble. Based on the this Vitamins are classified.

Water-soluble vitamins –

• Vitamin B (Complex)
• vitamin C

Fat soluble vitamins –

• Vitamins A
• vitamin D
• Vitamin E
• Vitamin K

Water-soluble vitamins:

Vitamin 'B' (Vitamin B)

It is a group of vitamins. All of them collectively called as  "B" complex. Vitamins in this group are as follows:

Vitamin B1 or Thiamin (Thiamine)

Donth and Jackson in 1926 isolated the vitamin from the upper layer of rice, by this vitamin beriberi disease were treated successfully. Its name is Thiamin due to the presence of Sulphur.

Functions of Vitamin B1:

• This vitamin aids in the metabolism of carbohydrates.
• Muscles of the digestive system, which keeps the speed of normal appetite are normal.
• The nervous system to function well, its presence is mandatory.

Sources:

The germ of cereals and pulses, yeast and dried fruit, meat, fish, eggs, milk and milk products in the vitamin is found in reasonable amounts.

Vitamin B6 or Pyridoxin

Stiller synthesized it in 1939 as it adds to the pyridoxin. Co-enzyme in the body, which acts like a vitamin.

The function of Piridoksin's:

• It maintains healthy red blood cells and neurodegenerative
• The Nicene Tripton amino acids are helpful in converting.

Source of receipt:

Dry yeast, wheat germ, meat, liver, lentils, soybeans, peanuts, eggs, milk, yogurt, salad leaves, spinach, etc. are the major source.

Vitamin B12 (Vitamin B12 or Cyanocobalamine)

Vitamin B12 Kobamaid, Anteeprnishiys anemia factor, Akstrynsik factor is addressed by the names of the Castell. For this man has to rely on food but some living beings depends on intestines. Plants do not have this.

Function:

• It helps in the metabolism of proteins.
• Helps produce blood cells in the bone marrow.
• Helpful for Vascular tissue metabolic activity.
• Source: liver, egg, meat, fish, milk, etc.

Vitamin 'C'  or Ascorbic Acid

Its name is Ascorbic acid as it removes scurvy disease.

Functions of Vitamin C  :

• Teeth, bones and maintains healthy blood vessel walls.
• Helps wound healing.
• The iron and ferrous ion convert into Ferric, making it possible in the intestine quickly exploited.
• Deficiency of vitamin C in children leads to chest pain.
•  Increases in various diseases deterrent.
• The adrenal gland is important in the functions of synthesis of hormones.
• This vitamin helps produce is kale in as connecting material in different cells, found in all parts of the body and in the bones.
• Deficiency of this vitamin leads to hollow bones.

Source:

• Amla, guava and fresh, juicy and sour fruits like -lemon, orange, and orange abound to get it. It is also present in sprouted grains and pulses.
• There are some small amounts of milk and meat.

Fat soluble vitamins:

Vitamin A

This is primarily related to chlorophyll, green vegetation. Kartinoyads yellow pigment found in fruits and vegetables are pre-vitamins. This vitamin is also called retinol. This substance found in plants in carotene. This is called precursor of vitamin A.

Sources:

• It is found in vegetables that are yellow, red, such as tomato, carrot, papaya, sweet potato, mango, peaches, peas and green leafy vegetables (coriander, radish, mint, sugar beet), etc.
• Are mainly found in fish liver oil. In addition, the egg, milk and butter, and get adequate amounts.

Functions of vitamin A:

• Vitamin A deficiency is blindness night stay. Slow light in which the person is unable to see anything.
• It maintains the functionality and performance of epithelium tissue
• It helps build the mucous secretion in the supportive factors, so that the stability of the tissues remain.
• This tissue tongue, eye, respiratory tract, oral cavity, reproductive and urinary tubes etc. relates to the construction of internal walls.
• Vitamin epidermis cells maintain smooth and supple.
• Vitamin A deficiency may lead to soft eyes corneal cortex. The disease is Karatomleshia.

Vitamin K

Vitamin K plays a key role in helping the blood clot, preventing excessive bleeding. Unlike many other vitamins, vitamin K is not typically used as a dietary supplement.

Vitamin K is actually a group of compounds. The most important of these compounds appears to be vitamin K1 and vitamin K2. Vitamin K1 is obtained from leafy greens and some other vegetables. Vitamin K2 is a group of compounds largely obtained from meats, cheeses, and eggs, and synthesized by bacteria.

Sources

Bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract naturally make vitamin K. Dietary sources of vitamin K include green leafy vegetables — collards, green leaf lettuce, kale, mustard greens, parsley, romaine lettuce, spinach, Swiss chard and turnip greens — as well as vegetables such as broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower

Vitamin E

Vitamin E is key for strong immunity and healthy skin and eyes. In recent years, vitamin E supplements have become popular as antioxidants. These are substances that protect cells from damage. However, the risks and benefits of taking vitamin E supplements are still unclear.

Sources

Good dietary sources of vitamin E include nuts such as almonds, peanuts and hazelnuts, and vegetable oils such as sunflower, wheat germ, safflower, corn and soybean oils.

Functions of Vitamin E:

• This vitamin develops fertility
• Its deficiency causes sterility
• Its deficiency causes to stop production in men's sperm
• The body of the fetus in the womb of the woman die.
• Vitamin E Antioxidant substances stop breakdown of red blood cells and increases their life span.

Vitamin D

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is naturally present in very few foods, added to others, and available as a dietary supplement. It is also produced endogenously when ultraviolet rays from sunlight strike the skin and trigger vitamin D synthesis. Vitamin D obtained from sun exposure, food, and supplements are biologically inert and must undergo two hydroxylations in the body for activation.

Sources

• Fatty fish, like tuna, mackerel, and salmon.
• Foods fortified with vitamin D, like some dairy products, orange juice, soy milk, and cereals.
• Beef liver.
• Cheese.
• Egg yolks

Functions of Vitamin D:

• Vitamin D controls bowel exploitation of calcium and phosphorus.
• Due to deficiency of Vitamin D absorption of calcium and phosphorus is reduced, making these elements in the body released with waste substances.
• For proper growth of the body of vitamin D is the very important element.
• Vitamin D mainly helps to build bones.
• Vitamin D is essential for healthy development of teeth. Its deficiency affects the health of the teeth, tooth Dentin and Aenamel soon become poor.
• Vitamin D controls parathyroid gland function.
• It maintains functioning of muscle and nervous system.
• Protection from Pox and whooping cough.

Thanks 

Important Chart of Hormones and Vitamins

Concept Map of Human respiratory system

 1) lungs are Pinkish in colour
 2) They are spongy
 3) They are protected by Ribcage
 4) They show distinction. (Filled        with Air)
 5) They are elastic
 
       Facts about Human respiratory system.

• The right lung is slightly larger than the left.
• Hairs in the nose help to clean the air we breathe as well as warming it.
• The highest recorded "sneeze speed" is 165 km per hour.
• The surface area of the lungs is roughly the same size as a tennis court.
• The capillaries in the lungs would extend 1,600 kilometres if placed end to end.
• We lose half a litre of water a day through breathing. This is the water vapour we see when we breathe onto glass.
• A person at rest usually breathes between 12 and 15 times a minute.
• The breathing rate is faster in children and women than in men.

Mechanism for Human Respiration:-

    Firstly, air enters the respiratory system through the nostrils, which then proceeds to the nasal cavity, followed by the pharynx, oesophagus, larynx, and then the trachea, which branches into two bronchi. The bronchus branches into smaller bronchioles, which have alveoli at their tips to absorb and release air. This exchange of gases take place in the lungs.

The “surface” of the lungs is actually the “aveoli” small grape like structures. Think of mini microscopic balloons. On the inside is the “air” on the outside are the capillaries, etc. There are million of these. These are the “buisness end” of the lungs.

Everything else is “highway” to bring air from ourside the body to the aveoli. The Nose, Mouth, trachea, Main stem Bronchus, Bronchi, Broncheos, Terminal brochi…all “highway”.

In the typical adult male the “lung volume” changes depending on the cycle of respiration, and can vary up to 3000 cc, but typically is around 500–700 cc. By comparison, the “highway”, officially called “dead air space” is about 150 cc.

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Concept Map of Plants growth and development

 Cytokinins are a group of hormones that promote cell division in plant roots and shoots and the growth of buds. These hormones have been found in all complex plants as well as mosses, fungi, and bacteria. There are about 200 different natural and synthetic cytokinins known to botanists today.

Function:

Cytokinins increase cell division by stimulating the production of proteins needed for mitosis. Mitosis is non-sexual cell division that occurs in all living things producing additional cells for body growth.

In your body, mitosis is occurring every day, replacing dead and damaged cells and allowing for growth. If you skin your knee, it's mitosis that grows back the cells you lost.

Having an apical dominance in the bud, the auxin was produced. The auxin was produced in the distal part of the shoot region. The auxin moves from distal to proximal end. The auxin was transported through chemiosmosis. While having the chemiosmosis, the hydrogen ion is increasing in every plant cell. Since the hydrogen ion is increasing, the acidity of the cell wall will increase which results in cellular elongation. The cellular elongation happen because the integrity of cellulose is weaken.

I'll give you the plantpsy version. Two plants (bulls) were planted at the top of the hill looking down at a pasture of fine looking flora, the young determinate bull said to the cultured indeterminant bull and said “I am gonna vine down there and pollinate one of them fine flora”, The indeterminant bull said “vine on little one, I am gonna root down and pollinate them all.

A determinant plant has a set growth. And once it is differentiated, rarely goes back, but it continues down the set path to its death as it has been determined. And indeterminant plant is forward growing and doesn't stop until something stops it such as lack of water or food.

When NPK are put through a plant obviously the feeding veins(xylem and phloem) are at work pulling it through the system. Growth hormones are strong in phosphorus (P) which helps the roots reproduce because of the sunlight causing the photosynthesis

The fastest-growing food plant is watermeal (Wolffia globosa or Wolffia arrhiza). Each individual speck is less than a millimeter long; it has no leaves, stems, or roots. They float on the surface of calm ponds. Individual watermeal are small, but they reproduce by splitting in half, like bacteria. Each plant splits into two plants about every four days, and then four days later those plants split again, so the amount of watermeal you have doubles every four days.

The most poisonous plant in the world is probably going to be the Cerbera odollam. This species of tree belongs to the same family as Oleander, and is also quite toxic to humans. The seeds of the Cerbera odollam contain a toxin called cerberin, a potent compound capable of disrupting calcium ion channels in heart muscle, which can lead to an irregular heart beat that is often fatal if the toxin is ingested in high enough quantities. The plant has been referred to by some as the perfect murder weapon.